1 Surgical Endodontics Soft tissue management: flap design, incision, tissue elevation, and tissue retraction Velvart, Peters, Endodontic Topics, 2005 Vol. 11 - Soft tissue management: flap design, incision, tissue elevation, and tissue retraction Biology of the gingiva The gingiva is one of four components of the periodontium, which further comprises of perio..