CE010 303: FLUID MECHANICS
Teaching scheme: Credits: 4
2 hours lecture and 2 hours tutorial per week
Objective
; This course gives an introduction to the fundamentals of fluid flow and its
behavior so as to equip the students to learn related subjects and its application
in the day to day life in a very effective manner.
Module 1(12hours)
Properties of fluids: Definition and Units- Mass density, Specific weight,
Viscosity – Classification of fluids – Ideal and real fluids, Newtonian and non –
Newtonian fluids.
Fluid pressure – Atmospheric, Absolute, Gauge and Vacuum pressure,
Measurement of pressure – Piezometer, manometer, mechanical gauges.
Total pressure and centre of pressure on a submerged lamina, pressure on a
submerged curved surface – pressure on lock gates, pressure on gravity dams. Module 2(12hours)
Buoyancy – Centre of buoyancy – Metacentre – Stability of floating and
submerged bodies – Determination of metacentric height – Analytical &
experimental methods.
Kinematics of fluids : Methods of describing fluid motion:Legrangian& Eulerian
methods-Types of flow – Streamline, Path line and Streak line, Velocity potential
function, Stream function, Circulation and Vorticity, Laplace’s Differential
equation in rectangular co-ordinates for two dimensional irrotational flow.
Flow Net – Orthogonality of stream lines and equipotential lines.
Stream tube – continuity equation for one dimensional flow.
Module 3(12hours)
Forces influencing motion – Energy of fluids, Euler’s equation, statement and
derivation of Bernoulli’s equation and assumptions made.
Applications of Bernoulli’s equation – Venturi meter, Orifice meter, Pitot tube.
Orifices and Mouth Pieces – Different types of orifices,flow over a sharp edged
orifice- flow through large rectangular orifice- flow through submerged orifice-
Hydraulic Coefficients-External and internal mouthpiece.
Notches and weirs – Rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal notches, Cippoletti weir,
submerged weir, broad crested weir.
Module 4(12hours)
Flow through pipes: Two types of flow-Laminar and Turbulent flow –
Reynold’s experiment, loss of head due to friction, Darcy – Weisbach equation,
Other energy losses in pipes.
Hydraulic Gradient and Total Energy Lines: Flow through long pipes – Pipes
in series and parallel, Siphon, Transmission of power through pipes –nozzle
diameter for maximum power transmission.
Laminar Flow in circular pipes: Hagen poiseuille equation.
Turbulent flow through pipes:Establishment of flow in pipes-hydro-
dynamically smooth and rough boundary, Velocity distribution for turbulent flow
in pipes.
Drag and lift for immersed bodies:
Module 5(12hours)
Dimensional Analysis and Model studies: Units and dimensions of physical
quantities, Dimensional Homogeneity of formulae and its application to common
fluid flow problems, Dimensional Analysis-Rayleigh’s method, Buckingham’s
method. Derivations of dimensionless parameters, Froude’s, Reynold’s, Webber,
Mach numbers.
Hydraulic Models: Need, Hydraulic Similitude, Geometric, Kinematic, Dynamic
similarity, Scale ratios of various physical quantities for Froude’s and Reynold’s
model laws – problems, Types of models-Undistorted and Distorted models,
Scale effects in models, Spillway models and Ship models.
References
1. Streeter V. L., Fluid Mechanics, Mc Graw Hill, International Students Edition. 2. Dr. P. N. Modi & Dr. S. M. Seth, Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, Standard
Book House Delhi.
3. Jagdishlal, Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics, Metropolitan Book Co., Delhi. 4. R. J. Garde and A. G. Mirajoaker, Engineering Fluid Mechanics, Nem Chand &
Bross., Roorkee.
5. Dr.D S Kumar,S K. “Fluid Mechanics and Fluid power Engineering”,
Kataria& Sons,NewDelhi
6. Dr. R.K Bansal,A Text book of Fluid mechanics and Hydraulic machines,
Laxmi Publications
7. Douglas,”Fluid mechanics” 4/e Pearson Education.
8. K Subramanya, Fluid Mechanics&Hydraulic Machines, Tata Mc Graw Hill,
Education Private Limited NewDelhi
9. S Ramamrutham”Hydraulics Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines”,
Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company.