EFFECT
?84?
;CHINESEJ0URNAL0FMECHANICALENGINEERING
;v01.2l,No.3,2008
;XlAFafeng
;JIAZhenyuan
;SchoolofMechanicalEngineenng,
;DalianUniversityofTechnology,
;Dalian116023.China
;WUMenghua
;UZhi
;SchoolofMechanicalEngineenng,
;DalianUniversity,
;Dalian116622.China
;0INTRoDUCTIoN
;EFFECTOFSURFACTANTSONNi.TiN
;NANOCOMPOSlTECOATlNGS
;PREPAREDBYULTRASONlC
;ELECTRODEPOSlTlON木
;Abstract:Ni—TiNnanocompositecoatingswerepreparedbyultrasonicelectrodepositio
n,andthe
;effectsofthesurfactantsonthecoatingswereinvestigatedandthemicrostructureandmicro
rigidity
;ofthecoatingswerecharacterized.Sampleswerealsosubmittedtocorrosiontestsin3%Na
Cl
;solution.TheresultsshowedthatthesurfactantshadgreateffectsOllNi—TiNnanocompos
itecoatings.
;Thecompositecoatingspreparedbyultrasonicelectrodepositionwitllthesurfactantswere
betterthan
;thatofthecoatingspreparedwithoutsurfactants.ThefavorablepropertiesOfNi—TiNnan
ocomposite
;coatingswereprepared,vitllthemixingofthenon—ionandpositiveionsuffactants.nleconcentration
;ofthemixingwas80mg/L.andtheratioofthenon—ionandpositiveionsurfactantswas1:2. ;Keywords:EfiectSurfactantNi—TiNNanocompositecoalin2
;Compositeelectrodepositiontechnologyisamethodto ;obtaincompositecoatingsbyaddinginsolublemicrometer—or
;nanometer.sizedsolidparticles(usuallyceramicparticles)tothe ;electrolytetoco.deposittheparticlesandmetalmatrixwith ;electrodepositiont’J.Inrecentyears.therehasbeenarapid
;increaseininterestinmetal-ceramicnanocompositecoatings ;owingtofavorablepropertiessuchasspecificheat,optical ;non.1inearityandmagnetismandmechanicalperformancesuchas ;highhardness.wearresistanceandcorrosionresistanceL一.
;OwingtothesuperiorityOfbom仃aditionalcompositematerials
;andmodemnanomaterials,nanocompositecoatingshavebeenthe ;focusofmuchresearch[v-loJ.
;Factorsinfluencingthepreparationofnanocompositecoating ;includesurfactants.electricpulseparameters,andelectrolytepH. ;Thegrainsizeoftheco—depositedmetalmatrixandthe
;distributionandcontentofnanoparticlesarethemainfactors ;determiningthepropertiesofthecompositecoating.Thevarious ;surfactantshavegreateffectsonTiNnanoparticlesincomposite ;coatings.Inthepresentstudy,Ni—TiNnanocompositecoatings
;weresynthesizedbyultrasonicelectrodeposition.Theeffectsof ;thesurfactantsonthecoatingswereinvestigatedandthe ;microstructureandmicrorigidityofthecoatingswere ;characterized.Sampleswerealsosubmittedtocorrosiontestsin ;3%NaClsolution.
;1EXPERIMENTALDETAILS
;1.1Materials
;NanoNi—TiNcompositecoatingsweredepositedon45steel ;substratesbyultrasonicelectrodeposition.NickelplatesOf50 ;rnrnx40mmx3nlmwereusedastheanodeand45steelplatesof ;30mmx20ITIITIX1ITIITIasthecathode.Thespacebetweenthe ;anodeandcathodewas50—70mrn.TiNnanoparticleswithan
;averagesizeof50nmandpuritygreaterthan99.9%were ;employed.
;1.2Parameters
;Thecompositionofelectrolyteanddepositionparametersof ;theNi—TiNnanocompositecoatingsisshowninTable1andTable ;2,respectively.
;ThisprojectissuppoaedbyNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina ;(No.50475108)andNaturalScienceFoundationofLiaoningProvince, ;China(No.20042123).ReceivedJuly22,2007;receivedinrevisedform ;April14,2008;acceptedApril17,2008
;Table1Electrolytecomposition
;CompositionValue
;NiSO4’6H20Cs/(g?L)
;NiC12’H20Cc/(g.L)
;H3BO3CH/(g’L)
;NanoTiNG/(g.L)
;SurfactantC/(g.L)
;Wettingagent
;pH
;200400
;35—60
;25—40
;l—l0
;50一l20
;Minim
;45
;Table2DepositionparametersofNi-TiNnanoeomposite ;coatingsbyultrasoniceleetrodeposition
;DepositionparameterDepositionvalue
;PowerofultrasonicwavesP/W
;DensityofcurrentI/(A?dm-2)
;Temperature?
;Electrodeposifionmethod
;Acfiontimet/min
;0—300
;1.8
;250
;Pulse
;3045
;1.3Procedures
;Priortodeposition.thesteelsubstratesweremechanically ;polishedtoa0.10-0.15Bmsurfacefinishandthencleanedto ;removecontaminationonthesubstratesurface.Thesubstrates ;wereactivatedfor15sinamixedacidicbathafterrinsingwith ;distilledwater.TheNi—TiNcompositecoatingswere
;electrodepositedbygraduallyincreasingtheultrasonicpower ;from0to30oW|
;1.4Charaeterization
;ThecharacterizationofthenanoNi—TiNcompositecoatings
;WaSasfol10WS.
;(11ThemicrostructureofnanoNi.TiNcompositecoatings ;wasinvestigatedbyusingscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM, ;JSM.6460I?1.
;(2)Themicrorigidityofcompositecoatingswastestedwith ;amicrohardnessinstrument(HXD10001byusingaloadof50g ;forl5s.Fivedatawerecollectedondifferentlocationofcoatings. ;andthemeanwasthemicrorigidityofcompositecoatings. ;(31Corrosiontestswerecarriedouton45steelsubstrate, ;Ni—TiNnanocompositecoatingsbyimmersingsamplesin3% ;NaC1solutionfor30hat30.C.TheweightlOSSwasmeasuredon ;anelectronicanalyticalbalance(Sartorius.BS2l0s). ;
;CHINESEJOURNALOFMECHANICALENGINEERING?85?
;2RESUI』rSANDDISCUSSION
;2.1Effectsofsurfactantsonthemicrostructureofcomposite ;coatings
;Thesurfactantsareputintotheelectrolyte,andAandB ;arePVA(non-ion)andCTAB(positiveion),respectively.Fig.1 ;showsthemorphologyofNi—TiNnanocompositecoatingsunder
;variousconcentrationofthesurfactantB—ThecontentofnRnoTiN
;particlesincoatingsincreaseswiththeincreasingofconcentration ;ofthesurfactant(Fig.1aandFig.1b1.Thisisbecausethatthe ;moreconcentrationofthesurfactant,thestrongereffectofwetting, ;emulsificationanddispersing,andsoon.Thusthecontentofnano ;TiNparticlesincoatingsincreases.Andwhentheconcentrationof ;thesurfactantsreaches80mg/L,thecontentofnanoTiNparticles ;incoatingobtainsmax.Whilethesurfactantsareexcessiveinthe ;electrolyte,superfluoussurfactantsadsorbonthecathodesurfaces, ;whichbametheco.depositionofmetalmatrixandTiNparticles. ;Therefore,thecontentofnanoTiNparticlesincompositecoatings ;decreases(Fig.1c).
;fa)40mg/L
;fb)8Omg/L
;(c)120mg/L
;Fig.1EffectofsurfactantsonthemorphologyofnanoNi—TiN
;compositecoatingsunderdifferentconditions×20000 ;2.2Efrectofsurfactantsonthemicrorigidityofcomposite ;coatings
;Therelationshipbetweentheconcentrationofsurfactantsand ;themicrorigidityisobtainedbychangingtheconcentrationof ;PVA(non.ionic)intheelectrolyteseparately,whichisshownin ;Fig.2.Whentheconcentrationofthesurfactantis0mg/L,the ;microridityis615HVItcanbeseenthatthemicrorigidityof ;nanoNi.TiNcompositecoatingsincreasesfirstlyandthen ;decreaseswiththeincreaseoftheconcentrationofsurfactant.The ;reasonisthatnanoTiNparticlescanstrengthencomposite ;coatings,andthesurfactantcanwetandemulsifynanoTiN ;particles.Moderateconcentrationofsurfactantscanincreasethe ;contentofnanoTiNparticlesincoatings.However,superfluous ;surfactantswilleffecttheco.depositionofmetalmatrixandTiN ;particles.
;>
;号
;面
;！
;2
;/—
;.
;/-
;/
;ConcentrationofthesuffactantC/(mg?L-)
;Fig.2Effectofsurfactantsonthemicrorigidity ;ofnanoNi—TiNcompositecoatings
;Fig.2alsoshowsthatthemicrorigidityofcomposite ;coatingspreparedbythesurfactantsissuperiortothecoatings ;preparedbynosurfactants.
;2.3Effectofsurfactantsonthecorrosionresistanceof ;compositecoatings
;ThecorrosionlOSSofcompositecoatingsdecreasesfirstly ;andthenincreaseswiththeincreasingofconcentrationofthe ;surfactants(Fig.31.ThereasonisthatnanoTiNparticlesare ;about50nm,andaddtheconsistencyofcoatings.Therefore,the ;corrosionliquidwillhardlyinvadethecompositecoatings.And ;thecorrosionresistanceofcompositecoatingsisenhanced ;consequently
;.02
;乓
;鞋
;2
;旦
;C
;呈1
;呈0
;u1
;ConcentrationofthesurfactantC/(mg?L一,
;Fig.3Effectofsurfactantsonthecorrosionresistance ;ofnanoNi—TiNcompositecoatings
;Fig.3alsoshowsthatthecorrosionresistanceofcomposite ;coatingspreparedbyA(PVA)ispreferable,whenthe ;concentrationofsurfactantsis80mg/L.Becausethenon—ionic
;sRrfactantshaveobviouslylubricationactionandosmosisandcan ;effectivelycleanthesurfaceofparticles.Thiswillenhancethe ;affinityofparticlesandthemetalmatrix.Thusthecorrosion ;resistanceofcoatingsisimproved.
;2.4Effectsofthemixofsurfactantsoncompositecoatings ;Accordingtotheaboveexperiments,theoptimalconcentra—
;tionofthesurfactantsis80mg/L.Theeffectofthemixof ;surfactantsonnanoNi-TiNcompositecoatingsisstudiedby ;mixingPVAandCTAB.AndtheresultisshowninTable3. ;
;.86XIAFafeng,etal:EffectofsurfactantsonNi—TiNnanocompositecoatingspreparedbyultrasonicelectrodeposition
;Table3Effectofthemixofsurfactantsoncompositecoatings ;WhentheratioofAandBisl:1.thecorrosionlossof
;coatingsistheleastf1.1mg).ThisisbecauseAandBaremixed, ;tl1eywillacteachotherorformcomplexes.andbringthe ;counteractionandsynergizedaction.thenthecorrosionlossisthe ;least.WhentheratioofAandBisl:2.themicrorigidityof ;coatingsisthemostr9l3.4HV)andthecorrosionlossis1.3mg. ;Ontheonehand.ionicoutcomesofpositiveionsurfactants ;adsorbtheTjNparticlessurfaces.andcauseparticlestohave ;positivecharges.Theparticleswithpositivechargeswillrepulse ;eachotheranddispersehomogenouslyinelectrolyte.Ontheother ;hand.becausethehydrationofnon.ionSill”factants,thehydrated
;membranesareformedontheTiNparticlessurfaces,andthe ;stabilitvofsuspendedliquorisberet.Therefore,thecontentof ;nanoTiNparticlesislarge.andthemicrorigidityofcoatingsis ;high.
;Takingtheabovedataintoconsideration.thebeRermicro ;rigidityandcorrosionresistanceofnanoNi-TiNcomposite ;coatingscanbepreparedbyadoptingtheratioofAandBisl:2. ;3CoNCLUSIoNS
;(1)Thesurfactantstakeonanimportanteffectduring ;preparingnanoNi—TiNcompositecoatingsbyultrasonic—electro—
;depositedtechnology.Themicrorigidityofcompositecoatings ;preparedbythesurfactantsissuperiortothecoatingspreparedby ;nosurfactants.
;(2)Thebe~ermicrorigidityandcorrosionresistanceofnano ;Ni-TiNcompositecoatingscanbepreparedbymixingofthe ;non—ionandpositiveionsurfactants.Theconcentrationofthe ;non—ionandpositiveionsurfactantsis80mg/L,andtheratio ;isl:2.
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;Biographicalnotes
;XIAFafengisaPhDcandidateinSchoolofMechanicalEngineering,Dalian ;UniversityofTechnology,China.Hisresearchareasincludeultrasonicand ;electrodepositionmsearch.
411-81950418;E—mail:xiaff@126.com ;Tel:+86—
;JIAZhenyuaniscurrentlyaprofessorinSchoolofMechanicalEngineering, ;DalianUniversityofTechnology,China.Hisresearchinterestsinclude ;dynamics,noiseandvibrationcontrol,dynamicmeasurementanddata ;processmg.
;WUMenghHa,correspondingauthor,iscurrentlyaprofessorinSchoolof ;MechanicalEngineering,DalianUniversity,China.Hisresearchinterestis ;specialtechnologyresearch.
;Tel:+86—411-87402147;E—mail:wmh005@163.com
;References
;LIZhiiscurrentlyanassociateprofessorinSchoolofMechanicalEngineering, ;[1]JACOBSONNS,OPILAEJ.OxidationandcorrosionofceramicsandDalianUniversity,Chhaa.
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