Applying
2008???(25?PSCIENCE&TECHNOLOGYINFORMATION
;1.TheoryandPrinciple
;Addressingtheconceptofequivalenceintranslation,Nida(1964: ;156)claimsthatiatherecanbenoabsolutecorrespondencebetween ;languagesin.Nida(1964:136)proposesthenotionofDynamicEquivalence ;(D-E)intranslation,whichoffersiatheclosestnaturalequivalenttothe ;source-languagemessageininbothmeaningandstyle.Theimpactonthe ;receptorishighlightedsothatiatheresponseofthereceptorisessentially ;likethatoftheoriginalreceptorsin(Nida&Taber,1969:20). ;Nida&Taber(1969)dividestranslationprocessintothreestages ;iManalysis,transferandrestructuring,whicharesummarizedand ;explainedindetailbelow:
;(A)Analysis
;(A1)Describehowsemanticelementsarepresentedsyntactically; ;(A2)Themeaningisdiscernedbyidentifyingthedistinctivefeatures ;oftheword/expression(e.g.semanticcomponent)(Nida1975); ;(A3)Semanticstyleshallbeaccountedfor;
;(A4)Thebackgroundismadeclearandthesentenceisparaphrased. ;(B)Transfer
;(B1)Atranslatorshallbelessconcernedwithiaverbalconsistencyin, ;e.g.matchingequivalenttermsinsourceandtargetlanguages,butfocus ;oniacontextualconsistencyin,e.g.thesociolinguisticanddiscourse ;contexts(Nida&Taber,1969:199).
;(B2)Semanticadjustmentandredistribution,suchasexpansionand ;synthesis,areconducted.
;(C)Restructuring
;ia[S]tylisticformappropriatetothereceptorlanguageandthe ;intendedreceptorsinisattainedandsimilarreceptor-impactcomparable ;tothatoforiginalreceptorsisconstructed.
;Nida(1964)claimsthatthereisnoabsolutetechnique,butrather ;generaltendencyintheapplicationofDynamicEquivalencein ;translationprocess.Ithinkthethreestagesareintegrallyinfusedbecause ;boththemeaningandstyleareprocessedineachstage.Theartificial ;divisionshallserveasanindicativeprinciple,notanoperationmanual. ;2.Examples
;TwoarticletitlesaretranslatedbytheauthortoillustratetheD-E ;principle.ThearticlesarefromFarEasternEconomicReview,whichis ;anestablishedweeklymagazineofDowJones&CompanyInc. ;2.1.iaChina:BouncingBackfromtheBrinkin(A)Analysis
;(A1)Syntactic:China(noun):Bouncing(verb)Back(adverb)from ;(preposition)theBrink(noun).
;(A2)Meaning:Jumpbackstronglyandsuddenlyfromtheedgeofa ;steepplace,suchasonemightfallover(OED).
;(A3)Semanticstyle:iaBouncingin,iaBackinandiaBrinkinallstartwith ;theinitialletterofiaBin,resultinginalliteration.Thetitleitselfisa ;metaphor.
;(A4)Backgroundandparaphrase:InAugust2003,2monthsafter ;WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)lifteditsSARS-relatedtravelwarning ;onChina,Chinaioseconomywasrecoveringremarkablyfromthis ;(B)Transfer
;(B1)Context:Chinaiosexportwasbooming,andeconomistspredicted ;asubstantialpost-SARSaccelerationofGDPgrowth(7.5%)(Dolven, ;2003).Theverbalphrasedescribestheeffectoftherecoveryasswiftand ;effective.
;(B2)Semanticadjustment/redistribution:Itisveryhardtorender ;thephonological3-iaBininitialsinChinese.Tocompensatethissemantic ;lossandcapturethespeedyandremarkablefeatureofrecovery,idiomatic ;phrasesaretobeemployed.Moreover,literaltranslationwouldappear ;redundantandcouldnotcreatetheaestheticreactiontothemetaphor ;thattheoriginalreceptorwouldhave.Properidiomaticphraseswould ;presenteffectiveandfigurativerenderingofthismetaphorinChinese. ;Thetranslationshallalsomakethetemporalfactorexplicit,i.e.thepost- ;SARSscenario.
;(C)Restructuring
;Styleandimpact:Thepost-SARSscenarioisrenderedasia?????? ;?Lin.ia????inistheChinesenameforSARS.ia??inmeansmisfortuneand ;disaster,whichdepictsSARSasatragedyandanexperienceofhardship. ;ia?Linclearlyindicatesthetemporalfactor.Besidethisaddition,iaBouncing ;BackfromtheBrinkinisrenderedastheidiomofia???5?p?Pin,whichis ;literallytranslatedasia(under)averydangerouscircumstance(onehas ;managedto)escapefromthedangerandsavedhis/herlifein.Sometimesit ;isusedinmartial-artsnovelstohighlighttheactionasincredible. ;Therefore,thetranslationoftheentireheadingis:?9??:???????L,???5 ;?p?P:0
;2.2.iaChidingChen/BushtoChen:Don’tRiskItin
;(A)Analysis
;(A1)Syntactic:Chide(verb)Chen(noun)/Bush(noun)to
;(preposition)Chen(noun):Don’t(modalverb)Risk(verb)It(pronoun).
;(A2)Meaning:iaChideinispolishedwrittenformofiascoldin,which ;meanschecking,blamingandrepressingsomeoneinloudandangry ;expressions(OED).iaRiskinmeansventuringintoadisastroussituation. ;(A3)Semanticstyle:IniaChidingChenin,bothwordsstartwiththe ;initialofiaCin,leadingtoalliteration.iaDon’tRiskItincanappearin
;spokenEnglish.
;(A4)Backgroundandparaphrase:In2004,ChenShuibian,the ;regionalleaderofTaiwanprovince,wasscoldedbyBush,whourged ;ChennottotaketherisktodeclareTaiwanasanindependentcountry. ;(B)Transfer
;(B1)Context:BushrebukedChenShuibianbeforeChenios
;inaugurationspeechinMay2004andrequestedChentoensurethat ;iaTaiwanisnotmovingtowardsindependence,orrisklosingAmerican ;supportin(Lawrence2004:28).Chinesegovernmentrepeatedlyreaffirms ;itspositionthatitwillneverabandontheemploymentofarm-forcesto ;achievenationalreunificationwithTaiwanifChendarestoclaim ;independence,i.e.iariskitin.TaiwanissueisaboutChinaiosterritorial ;integrityandnationalsovereignty,whichisnon-negotiable. ;(B2)Semanticadjustment/redistribution:Totranslateit,averb ;iaBin,iaB(?T???(55??)
;ApplyingthePrincipleofDynamicEquivalenceinthe
;TranslationoftheHeadingofNewsReport
;????
;(?????N????????????????????210018)
;:YAbstract:FNidaiosfamousnotionofDynamicEquivalenceintranslationprocessischaracterizedbythreestages-analysis,transferand
;restructuring,whichareexplainedindetail.Theapplicationoftheseprinciplesareillustrate
dbyprovidingstep-by-stepexplanationonthetranslation
;processofheadingsoftwonewsreports,whichareselectedfromFarEasternEconomicReview.
;:YKeywords:FDynamicEquivalence;heading;news
;g??.?????Ag?
;6
;epidemiccrisis.phraseisinsertedinushtoChenmakingitush7 ;00
;2008???(25?PSCIENCE&TECHNOLOGYINFORMATION
;??
;g?
;(?&???(600??)sternlytoldChenin.Theliteraltranslationofiariskitin ;doesnotcomplywithChinesegrammarandiaitinneedstobesemantically ;andmeaningfullycontextualized.Therefore,iaitinisdeletedandaphrase ;describingaconcreteactiontocharacterizetheiariskinisemployed. ;(C)RestructuringStyleandimpact:TotranslateiaChidein,ia?(inis ;chosentorenderconsistencywiththeoriginalrefinedform.ia?(inoften ;appearsinaChineseidiom,???(???&,whichmeansiareprimandthe ;evilsofthesocietyinahighlycriticalwayin.Soia?(inmeansreproachand ;reprimand.TocoincidethetwoinitialiaCin,ia?(inhasthesamesoundin ;Chinesewithia?]ininCheniosnameiM?!?w?].Meanwhile,anadverb ;indicatingthedegree,ia??in(meaningiaseverallyin),isemployedtomodify
;ia?(ininordertoreinforcethemomentumofreprimandaswellasto ;conformtocustomaryChinesewayofwrittenexpression.ThusiaChiding ;Chen/BushtoCheninistranslatedas?8?????(?!?w?],whichretains ;originalphonologicalandsemanticfeatures.
;IniaDon’tRiskItin,oralmodeisadoptedtorevealtheoriginalstyle
;ofiatalkingin,whichisnotcoatedindiplomaticterms.Therefore,iaDoniotin ;isrenderedasthecolloquialtermofia?,inratherthantheformal ;xfia??iniaRIinyfqy
;xyzio
;commitcrime-???H????,whichliterallymeansiariskdangerin ;desperationinandiatomakearecklessmovein.Inaddition,iaitinis ;contextualizedintheexpressionofia??????in(meaningiaaggressively ;seekingindependencein)toserveasbackgroundinformation.Therefore, ;thetranslationoftheentireheadingis:?8?????(?!?w?]:?,???H?????? ;????:0
;:YReferences:F
;[1]Dolven,B.China:BouncingBackfromtheBrink.FarEasternEconomicReview. ;[N].2003??8?E,166???(34?P?(48??.
;[2]Lawrence,S.ChidingChen/BushtoChen:Don’tRiskIt.FarEasternEconomic
;Review.[N].2004??5?E.167???(20?P,28-31??.
;[3]Nida,E.PrinciplesofCorrespondence.1964.InVenuti,L(ed.).TranslationStudies ;Reader.[M]London:Routledge,2000.126-140.
;[4]Nida,E.&Taber,C.TheTheoryandPracticeofTranslation,[M]Leiden:Brill.1969
;Nida,E.Exploringsemanticstructures.[M]Munchen:Fink.1975. ;[5]OED:OxfordEnglishDictionaryOnline.[???g?????q??]http://dictionary.oed. ;com.
;[?l???.?????Y??]
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;[1]??????:?????????u?&??.[J]?.???3??????,2001???(?N?P. ;[2]?????F,?i?u??:???????????????????C???L????.[M]?9?6?????3???f???? ;?!?B2001???!.
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;[1]??????,?????3?F???4??????????????????:0?v?????0???r???4????????[J]. ;2004.5.
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