Chicago Manual Style
1) Indirect Quotation:
Even Einstein recoiled from the implication of quantum mechanics that
1reality is an illusion.
2) Direct Quotation
A). Quotations run into text (段中引文): Direct quotations that do not
exceed 40 words (about four typewritten lines) should be run into the text and enclosed in double quotation marks, as in the following example:
Curtius‟s term “the Latin Middle Ages” covers a range of Roman legacies,
including “the share of Rome, of the Roman idea of the state, of the
4 Roman church, and of Roman culture.”
B) Quotations set off from the text (提引文): a direct quotation of more
than 40 words (about four typewritten lines) should be set off from the text by indention and double-spaced. For dissertations and theses, however, single-spacing may be preferred because it more closely resembles a printed format. Set-off quotations are not enclosed in quotation marks.
Set-off paragraphs should be indented ten spaces(十个字母的缩进).
Indicate paragraphing of the original by indenting another three spaces. For introductory sentences, the colon is replaced by a period in modern usage except where formal introductory words such as thus and following
are included.
Raymond Williams explains that the word career has all but lost its
original meaning.
Career is now so regularly used to describe a person‟s
progress in life, or, by derivation from this, his profession or
vocation that it is difficult to remember, in the same context,
its original meaning of a racecourse and a gallop—though in
some contexts, as in the phrase “careering about,” these
survive.
5 Career appeared in English…
You may combine direct and indirect quotation.
Einstein wanted to believe that quantum mechanics was a “mathematical
1 trick.”
Designation of Notes in the Text ;引文中上标的正确位置；
The best placement of the numbers is at the end of a sentence or at the end of a clause. The number goes outside all punctuation except the dash, and it should not be underlined, circled, or followed by a period.
Incorrect: Robert Heilbroner explains that “the profit motive as we
1know it is only as old as „modern man.‟”
Correct: Robert Heilbroner explains that “the profit motive as we
1 know it is only as old as „modern man.‟”
1Incorrect: Robert Heilbroner explains that “the profit motive…
Correct: “The profit motive as we know it is only as old as „modern
1man,‟” according to Robert Heilbroner.
Incorrect: “The profit motive as we know it is only as old as „modern
1man‟”—ancient civilizations did not have that concept. Correct: “The profit motive as we know it is only as old as „modern
1man‟”— ancient civilizations did not have that concept. Correct: “The profit motive as we know it is only as old as „modern
1man‟”:ancient civilizations did not have that concept.
Format of Notes/ Endnotes
1) First reference and subsequent reference;首次引用与后续引用；
First reference 2. Leonard Shatzkin, In Cold Type: Overcoming the
Book Crisis (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982), 45.
3. Benjamin Woolley, Virtual Worlds: A Journey in
Hype and Hyperreality (Cambridge, England: Blackwell,
1992), 100.
Subsequent reference
4. Shatzkin, 45-47.
5. Woolley, 81.
6. Shatzkin, 45.
2) Subsequent reference to more than one work by an author:
10. Vaclav Havel, Keeping the Faith: Summer Meditations (New
York: Knopf, 1990), 15.
11. Vaclav Havel, Living in Truth (New York: Knopf, 1987), 43.
12. Havel, Keeping the Faith, 43.
13. Havel, Living in Truth, 72.
3) Subsequent references to work with more than one author:
th 14. Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren, Modern Rhetoric, 4
ed. (New York: Harcourt, 1979), 56.
15. Brooks and Warren, 89.
16. Janice M. Lauer et al. , Four Worlds of Writing (New York:
Harper and Row, 1981), 77.
17. Lauer et al. , 80.
Examples of Endnote Forms and Bibliography Forms Books
Basic form
1. Hazel Henderson, Paradigms in Progress: Life beyond Economics (Indianapolis: Knowledge Systems, 1992), 62.
Henderson, Hazel. Paradigms in Progress: Life beyond Economics.
Indianapolis: Knowledge Systems, 1992.
Two authors
2. Wendy Simonds and Barbara Katz Rothman, Centuries of
Solace: Grief in Popular Literature (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992), 35.
Simonds, Wendy, and Barbara Katz Rothman. Centuries of Solace: Grief
in Popular Literature. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992.
Four or more authors
3. William Mc Pherson et al. , English and American Literature: Sources and Strategies for Collection Development (Chicago: American
Library Association, 1987), 67.
McPherson, William, Stephen Lehmann, Craig Likness, and Marcia
Pankake. English and American Literature: Sources and Strategies
for Collection Development. Chicago: American Library
Association, 1987.
Journals
42. Simon Gaunt, “The Significance of Silence,” Paragraph 13 (1990): 204.
Gaunt, Simon. “The Significance of Silence.” Paragraph 13 (1990):
202-16.
Magazines
47. Daniel Kleppner, “About Benjamin Thompson,” Physics Today, Sept. 1992, 9.
Kleppner, Daniel. “About Benjamin Thompson.” Physics Today, Sept. 1992, 9-10.
Dissertations
50. Carmen Virgili, “Literature of the Spanish Civil War” (Ph. D. diss. , New York University, 1990), 22.
Virgili, Carmen. “Literature of the Spanish Civil War.” Ph. D. diss. , New
York University, 1990.
Online journal article with print equivalent
67. Margaret Jacobson, “Pregnancy and Employment: Three Approaches to Equal Opportunity,” Boston University Law Review 68
(Nov. 1988): 1019, on-line, available from LEXIS Library @LAWREV File: ALLREV
Jacobson, Margaret. “Pregnancy and Employment: Three Approaches to
Equal Opportunity.” Boston University Law Review 68 (Nov. 1988):
-25. On-line. Available from LEXIS Library @LAWREV File: 1019
ALLREV
Electronic texts
40. William Shakespeare, The Tempest, on-line, available from FTP@du.edu.think.com Directory: Gutenberg/shake/Comedies/Tempest
Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. On-line. Available from
FTP@du.edu.think.comDirectory:Gutenberg/shake/Comedies/Tem-
pest
中文参考文献
1 Bao Huinan 包惠南 and Bao Ang 包昂, Zhong Guo Wen Hua Yu Han Ying
Fan Yi 中国文化与汉英翻译( Chinese Culture and Chinese-English
Translation)(Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 2004), p. 140.
Bao Huinan 包惠南 and Bao Ang 包昂. Zhong Guo Wen Hua Yu Han Ying Fan Yi
中国文化与汉英翻译( Chinese Culture and Chinese-English Translation).
Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 2004.