EPCA Report No. 29 (March 2007)
Automotive CNG fuel specifications proposed by the committee constituted by
EPCA
In the matter of W.P. (C) No.13029 of 1985; M.C. Mehta v/s UOI & others
1. It was brought to EPCA’s notice that the government agencies have been
unable to formulate and finalise quality standards for the CNG currently
being used in the automobile programme in the capital and other cities.
This issue was increasingly important as gas quality specifications are
critical for both safety, maintenance of on-road vehicles as well as for the
development of new technologies of vehicles running on gas. 2. EPCA was informed of ongoing discussions at the Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS) and the 2 year old process had not yet reached any
conclusion.
3. EPCA then set up a multi-stakeholder committee, which included
representatives of the gas companies, vehicle manufacturers, gas
distribution companies and senior scientists. This committee set up in
October 2006 was tasked with formulating automotive CNG specifications
and to propose detailed specifications.
4. In December, the committee finalised the automotive CNG fuel
specifications and presented them to EPCA. The report of the committee
was unanimous and represents the best fuel-technology standard for gas.
EPCA has since then sent the report of the committee with the finalized gas
specification standards to the concerned ministries and departments –
namely, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and the Bureau of Indian
Standards – directing them to finalise their gas standards at the earliest. 5. This report is to inform the Hon’ble Court of the work done. EPCA will
continue to pursue the matter with the concerned ministries and keep the
Hon’ble Court informed.
Environment Pollution (Prevention & Control) Authority
for the National Capital Region
1
1. Background
EPCA is monitoring the CNG programme in Delhi on a continuous basis to be able to address the key operational concerns related to safety and emissions. EPCA would like to keep the Hon’ble Supreme Court informed about the key developments and the initiatives in this regard to streamline the operational phase of introduction of the mandated fuel and technology.
During the periodic consultations on the related matter it was brought to the notice of EPCA that the government has not laid down the fuel specifications for CNG fuel even though the CNG programme implementation has been in progress for the past eight years. In view of the vast scale of the programme, the current plans for further augmentation and the prospect of getting more advanced CNG bus technology, urgent finalisation of the fuel norms have become necessary.
EPCA has therefore, held a series of meetings and taken a number of steps with the concerned agencies to expedite the matter. These are as follow:
i. In a meeting held in September 2006, EPCA asked Indraprastha Gas Limited
(IGL) to submit a note on the specifications for CNG fuel supplied in Delhi for
motor vehicles and compare these with those suggested in the Auto Fuel
Policy.
Expert consultation organised on this issue further showed that the
specifications proposed by IGL were inadequate, much more so vis-à-vis the
requirement of the next generation CNG buses being put on road by the
manufacturers. EPCA was also informed that Bureau of Indian Standards
(BIS) in consultation with Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG)
and Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) has prepared a draft proposal for
automotive CNG specifications.
ii. In order to discuss the issue further, a meeting was convened on October 7,
2006 inviting officials of MoPNG, GAIL and the BIS, the agency responsible
for formulation of the CNG fuel quality specifications. BIS informed that
specifications for automotive CNG fuel were under preparation since 2003
and a draft proposal had been prepared. BIS when asked about the time
frame by when it could come up with final specifications informed that it could
take another 1-2 years. EPCA observed that given the rapid expansion of the
CNG programme not only in Delhi but also in other cities, it was not possible
to wait for another two years for finalisation of the specifications. It was also
the time for graduating from Euro II to Euro III emissions standards for the
CNG vehicles especially the buses and significant improvements are needed
in the engine technology. More advanced generation technology will require
consistent and improved quality of automotive CNG fuel with its composition
and relevant properties duly specified.
iii. Taking note of all this, EPCA constituted a committee to deliberate on the
matter, formulate the automotive CNG specifications and submit the CNG
fuel specifications within three months. GAIL was given the responsibility to
coordinate the work assigned to the committee. The committee included
2
officials from Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Society of
Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), GAIL, IGL, Mahanagar Gas Limited
(MGL) and Prof. H. B. Mathur (retired Professor IIT Delhi as EPCA’s expert
representative). The committee was asked to address the following key
issues among others that had emerged from the discussions while drafting
the fuel specifications:
； The specifications of the general purpose gas may not necessarily
meet the requirements for motor vehicle applications. For motor
vehicle applications the most important parameter that need to be
specified are wobbe index (density of gas and heating value of gas),
gas composition (methane content, percentage of higher hydrocarbon,
CO + N, and O), and antiknock rating (methane number/octane 222
number). The specifications should also spell out the limits of
impurities allowed (particulate matter, oil content, sulphur content,
moisture content).
； There exists a wide variation in the composition of CNG that is being
supplied by different agencies. Thus for example the minimum
methane content of the gas as per IGL specifications is only 80 per
cent whereas according to GAIL, the gas being supplied by MGL,
GGCL, regasified LNG has methane content as high as 97.9 per cent,
98.18 per cent and 89.9 per cent respectively.
； The specifications proposed by Auto Fuel Policy are inadequate much
more so for the next generation CNG buses being put on road by the
manufacturers. The natural gas received from GAIL has slightly higher
percentage of inerts (CO + N). The wobbe index was also on the 22
lower side with much wider range of variation than what was specified
in the Auto Fuel Policy document. Except MGL and GGCL, the natural
gas quality available at other places did not conform to proposed
specifications mentioned in Auto Fuel Policy. Stringent quality
benchmarks and maintaining consistency in gas composition and
relevant gas properties are vital from the viewpoints of performance,
emissions and safety of CNG vehicles.
； Additionally, the presence of lube oil in CNG cylinders has been
reported. It has been found while degassing the cylinder during their
mandatory re-testing that the cylinders contained as much as 500 ml
of lube oil.
2. Recommendations of the Committee on CNG fuel specifications
The committee deliberated on the issue and finalised the automotive CNG fuel
specifications. This unanimous report of the EPCA appointed committee was presented
to EPCA on December 16, 2006 (see Annexure: Report on Standard Specification for
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) to be used as automobile fuel for the transport sectors).
The committee proposed the following specifications.
3
Table: Proposed automotive CNG fuel specifications
Constituents Value Tolerance 3Wobbe number (Btu/ft) 1340 Variation shall be
limited to ; 30 units
during normal
operation 3Free water, mg/m 8 Maximum 3Total sulphur including HS, mg/m 20 Maximum 2
N + CO, vol % 3.5 Maximum* 22
Oil mist content, ppm Insignificant
Oxygen, vol. % 0.5 Maximum
Methane (C) 87% Minimum** 1
Ethane (C) 6% Maximum 2
C and higher HC 3% Maximum 3
C and higher HC 1% Maximum 6
Total unsaturated HC 1% Maximum
Hydrogen (mole %) 0.1 Maximum
Carbon monoxide (mole %) 0.1 Maximum
Note: *occasionally may go up to 7% when shutdown of a processing/handling
plants/facilities happen however such events are to be duly notified and should be
limited to 10% of time in a year
** In case of process upset/plant s/d may reach a level of 84 however such events
are to be duly notified and should be limited to 10% of time in a year.
These specifications are free from liquids over the entire range of temperature and
pressure encountered in the engine and fuel system and free from solid particulate
matter
The above CNG specifications unanimously finalised by the committee appointed by EPCA were arrived at taking into account the requirements of vehicle manufacturers and the constraints of the gas supply agencies who all were represented in the committee. They are an improvement over the specifications proposed in the Auto Fuel Policy document and are comparable with the EU standards.
3. Recommendations
EPCA appreciates the work done by the committee and has complimented the stakeholders for arriving at a unanimously agreed set of specifications. EPCA has forwarded a copy of the specifications to the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and BIS.
These specifications should be mandated to the automotive CNG fuel supply agencies and they can be reviewed after a year based on in-use experience of the CNG vehicle manufacturers and gas supply agencies.
EPCA will take up this issue with concerned ministries of the government and keep the Hon’ble Court informed.
4