Hibiscus leaves of Pharmacognosy Research
Author: Bing-Qing Zhao Zhang Shilin Tan Jin-Tao
Fang
【Abstract】 Objective To Rose of Sharon Hibiscus syriacus L. The quality evaluation standards of scientific information.
Method of Pharmacognosy identification method. The results describe the hibiscus leaves and powder characteristics and microscopic characteristics of the characters. Conclusion Hibiscus leaf traits characteristics and microscopic features can be used to identify the student drug.
Key words Hibiscus Ye pharmacy
Abstract: ObjectiveTo provide a scientific basis for quality standard of Hibiscus syriacus L..
MethodsPharmacognostic identification was used. ResultsWe described the macroscopic characteristics of the leaves,
powder and microscopic characteristics of Hibiscus syriacus L. ConclusionThe macroscopic and microscopic characteristics can be used for its identification .
Key words: Hibiscus syriacus L.; Leaves; Pharmacognosy
Hibiscus syriacus Hibiscus syriacus L. Malvaceae original plant deciduous shrubs, hibiscus name in the "Erya" already recorded. "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" (1977 edition) will be closed loading H.syriacus L. Althea medicine, and its characteristics and efficacy are introduced. Hibiscus body is
a treasure, hibiscus flowers, fruit, leaves and skin can be used as medicine. Flowers and leaves used as medicine:
Qingreliangxue, detoxification swelling; fruit medicine: Qingfei phlegm, detoxification pain; stem bark, root bark used
as medicine: Qingre Qushi, insecticidal itching.
Lee et al [1] isolated from Hibiscus Soap grass glycoside (saponarin), yew, Yeh Su-3-O-glucopyranosyl, apigenin 7-O-
glucopyranosyl, and three structures known isoflavone 6 "-O-
acetyldaidzein, 6"-O-acetylgenistin and 3-O-hydroxydaidzein.
These three isoflavones significantly inhibited rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation. Chao-Yang Li et al [2] on
hibiscus leaf nutrient composition were determined and found that hibiscus leaves the protein, fat, vitamin C, sugar, crude fiber content higher.
Hibiscus leaves a certain degree of decontamination capabilities, our section of women in ancient times had to use every Qiqiao Hibiscus leaf shampoo habit is a good pure plant shampoo Juju health effects [3]. Hibiscus leaves containing a large number of the human body needs nutrients and inorganic elements. Chao-Yang Li et al [2] the determination of protein content in hibiscus leaves of up to 3.72%, fat content of up to 0.79%, crude fiber content of up to 9.83%, sugar content of up to 6.27%, but also rich in essential trace elements in the human body, such as calcium, magnesium , iron, zinc and so on. The leaves can also Hibiscus tea soup, with a high medicinal value [4].
Hibiscus leaves in this experiment will be carried out pharmacognosy research, further research and development and utilization of hibiscus that provide the basis for the rich plant resources.
1 Equipment
1.1 herbs hibiscus leaves collected from Forest Park,
Changsha City, Hunan Province Institute for Drug Control Officer by the pharmacist were identified as Fang Shilin Plant hibiscus Hibiscus syriacus L. leaves.
1.2 Instrument XSZ-H-based microscope (COIC, Chongqing
Optical Instrument Factory); FW-80 high-speed universal
grinder (Tianjin Taisite Instrument Co., Ltd.).
1.3 Reagent chloral hydrate, glycerol.
2 Methods
Surface mounted 2.1 tear film will hibiscus leaves from the upper and lower epidermis surface tearing away from the
loaded film.
2.2 Extraction of leaf powder producer of dry herbs crushed into fine powder (over 4 sieve), bottling, labeling. Preparation of powder, attention to sample representativeness. Drying time, generally a temperature not exceeding 60 ?, so
as to avoid gelatinization of starch grains.
2.3 tissue section using free-hand sectioning slice
leaves of the hibiscus cross-section after-loading film.
Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download http://
3 Results
3.1 Identification of trait-like leaves ovate or oval
Ling, syntrophic, long 4 ~ 7 cm, width 2 ~ 4 cm, do not crack or split the middle and above 3, the base of wedge-shaped, the
edge of a blunt teeth, a small child, sparsely villous on both sides Star -like hair. In addition to hair on dorsal vein, the other smooth and hairless.
3.2 micro-features
3.2.1 upper epidermis of epidermal cells are rectangular or irregular shaped flat cells, containing large clusters of calcium oxalate crystal diameter of 15 ~ 36 μm, containing
calcium oxalate trigonal small diameter of 8 ~ 25 μm. Single-
cell non-glandular base of the blunt round, the top of a little sharp or blunt, long 480 ~ 650 μm, diameter of 15 ~ 33
μm, wall thickness of 3 ~ 8 μm, smooth surface, and some
cell-containing yellow-brown material. Glandular head by a
number of cells, diameter of 12 ~ 23 μm, single-cell and a
short stalk. Occasionally vent, flat-axis, kidney-shaped guard
cells, subsidiary cells 3 to 6. Figure 1.
3.2.2 Lower epidermis epidermal cells rectangular,
closely arranged, significantly higher than the wall thickness of epidermal cells. Single-cell non-glandular hair long and
narrow, long 440 ~ 1100 μm. Glandular head by a number of
cells, diameter of 12 ~ 25 μm, single-cell and a short stalk.
There are many pores, significantly more than the upper epidermis, mostly flat-axis, a small number of infinitive,
kidney-shaped guard cells, subsidiary cells 3 to 6. Epidermal cells and subsidiary cells contain a number of calcium oxalate
crystal cluster diameter of 15 ~ 38 μm, a small number of
cells contain calcium oxalate trigonal diameter of 9 ~ 25 μm.
Figure 2.
3.2.3 Cross-cutting surface of epidermal cells
rectangular, less than a collenchyma and parenchyma. Under the epidermal cells small, with stomata. The majority of epidermal cells under the depression, showing that glandular hairs and single-cell non-glandular hairs. Mesophyll palisade tissue 1 ~ 2 layers of cells, closely arranged, spongy tissue cells, 4 ~ 6 layers, arranged relatively close, tough outer vascular type, is located in the central vein, which is a whole series of ducts above the xylem, the bottom is the phloem, in the
xylem and phloem formation developed between the layers; vascular bundles in the bottom of the well-developed
parenchyma, thin-walled cells contain calcium oxalate crystals crystal cluster, close to the distribution of lower epidermis
there are 3 ~ 5 thick horn cells. Figure 3.
3.2.4 dark green powder. Single-cell non-glandular base
of the blunt round, the top of a little sharp or blunt, long 480 ~ 1150 μm, diameter of 25 ~ 43 μm, wall thickness of 3 ~
8μm, and some cell-containing yellow-brown material, most of
the surface is smooth, Some can see a small strip texture or verrucose. Large number of calcium oxalate crystal clusters, mostly in mesophyll or epidermal cells, diameter of 21 ~ 56 μ
m, can also be found calcium oxalate trigonal, 8 ~ 25 μm.
Most of the threaded catheter tube diameter of 15 ~ 44 μm, a
small number of textured catheter, straight 15 ~ 45 μm.
Fibers as large as bundles, and some link with the catheter. Figure 4.
4 Summary
In this study hibiscus leaf traits were observed; for its powder and organizational characteristics of the microscopic study. Found that leaf cluster contains a large number of calcium oxalate crystal; the catheter is mainly thread, a few reticulate; In addition, there are single-celled non-glandular
and glandular hairs. The above characteristics, can be used as basis for identification of hibiscus herbs.
【References】
[1] Lee SJ, Yun YS, Lee IY, et a1. An antioxidant lignan and other constituents from the root bark of Hibiscus syriacus [J]. Planta Med, 1999,65 (7): 658.
[2] Chao-Yang Li, Zhao-Xia Yang. Hibiscus leaf nutrient
composition measurement [J]. Jishou University (Natural Science Edition), 2002,23 (4): 95.
[3] Ren Quan-Jin, Wen-iodine, Liu Guoliang. Woody
economic plants - Hibiscus development and utilization of [J]. Resource development and utilization, 2000,16 (1): 29.
[4] Yu-only. August name of playboy grass Recommended: hibiscus [J]. Hunan, forestry, 2004,8:28. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download http://